Cancer as an Environmental Disease

by P. Nicolopoulou-Stamati

INCORPORATING THE ENVIRONMENTAL CONTEXT IN THE STUDY OF
CANCER ISSUES AND IMPLICATIONS A. NOVOGRADEC and S. HARRIS ALI
Faculty of Environmental Studies , York University 355 Lumbers Building , 4700
Keele ...

Cancer as an Environmental Disease

Author: P. Nicolopoulou-Stamati

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

ISBN: 9781402020209

Page: 215

View: 891

These pages contain a number of chapters from specialists in the field who consider, from a number of different perspectives, the currently available evidence that supports the environmental cancer aetiology hypothesis. This constitutes the first part of the book. In the second part of the book, an examination of the policy implications of accepting that the cancer epidemic may essentially be preventable is presented. This will pose some difficult problems for politicians and decision-makers, who will have to consider adopting policies that may damage the economy in the short term in order to reap health benefits which will only become apparent several decades in the future.

Explaining Cancer

by Anya Plutynski

Epidemiologists by and large have agreed that environmental factors are
implicated in the vast majority of cancer deaths (Dolland Peto, 1981; Perera,
1995; Moeller, 2009). In other words, cancer is considered an “environmental”
disease in ...

Explaining Cancer

Author: Anya Plutynski

Publisher: Oxford University Press

ISBN: 0199967466

Page: 272

View: 251

In Explaining Cancer, Anya Plutynski addresses a variety of philosophical questions that arise in the context of cancer science and medicine. She begins with the following concerns: · How do scientists classify cancer? Do these classifications reflect nature's "joints"? · How do cancer scientists identify and classify early stage cancers? · What does it mean to say that cancer is a "genetic" disease? What role do genes play in "mechanisms for" cancer? · What are the most important environmental causes of cancer, and how do epidemiologists investigate these causes? · How exactly has our evolutionary history made us vulnerable to cancer? Explaining Cancer uses these questions as an entrée into a family of philosophical debates. It uses case studies of scientific practice to reframe philosophical debates about natural classification in science and medicine, the problem of drawing the line between disease and health, mechanistic reasoning in science, pragmatics and evidence, the roles of models and modeling in science, and the nature of scientific explanation.

Annual Report to Congress by the Task Force on Environmental Cancer and Heart and Lung Disease

by Task Force on Environmental Cancer and Heart and Lung Disease (U.S.)

Task Force on Environmental Cancer and Heart and Lung Disease (U.S.). As
background to its refocusing on the scientific problems involved in addressing its
mandate , the Task Force prepared brief summaries of the state of the science in
 ...

Annual Report to Congress by the Task Force on Environmental Cancer and Heart and Lung Disease

Author: Task Force on Environmental Cancer and Heart and Lung Disease (U.S.)

Publisher:

ISBN:

Page:

View: 848

Genetic Effects on Environmental Vulnerability to Disease

by Sir Michael J. Rutter

Gene–environment interactions in breast cancer Kee-Seng Chia Centre for
Molecular Epidemiology, National University of Singapore, Singapore Abstract.
Breast cancer is one of the most frequently diagnosed cancers in women. It
accounts ...

Genetic Effects on Environmental Vulnerability to Disease

Author: Sir Michael J. Rutter

Publisher: John Wiley & Sons

ISBN: 0470696796

Page: 232

View: 342

Much research has attempted to show direct linear relations between genes and disorder. However, scientists have been discouraged by inconsistent findings based on this simple gene-phenotype approach. The alternative approach is to incorporate information about the environment. A gene-environment interaction approach assumes that environmental pathogens cause disorder, whereas genes influence susceptibility to environmental pathogens. This book brings together contributions from experts from multiple disciplines who discuss: How epidemiological cohort studies can better integrate physiological (mechanistic) measures; How best to characterise subjects’ vulnerability versus resilience by moving beyond single genetic polymorphisms; How gene hunters can benefit from recruiting samples selected for known exposures; How environmental pathogens can be used as tools for gene hunting; How to deal with potential spurious (statistical) interactions, and How genes can help explain fundamental demographic properties of disorders (e.g. sex distribution, age effects).

Investigating Environmental Disease Outbreaks

by Y. Hasegawa

In most situations, however, especially when environmental exposures are
associated with long-latency illness (cancer, nephropathy, etc.), the outcomes of
epidemiological studies are rarely so dramatic and satisfying. Instead, the public
 ...

Investigating Environmental Disease Outbreaks

Author: Y. Hasegawa

Publisher: DIANE Publishing

ISBN: 0788172263

Page: 70

View: 979

Describes practical methodology that is applicable in countries with limited resources. The advantages and disadvantages of different epidemiological approaches are described, and there are references to more detailed sources of information. The language is clear and not technical in order to make the manual a useful resource document for public health officers in the field, who may not have received training in epidemiology. Covers: initial response to reports of a disease outbreak, descriptive stage, analytic stage, intervention stage, resources and support needed, and evaluation stage. Extensive references. Illustrations.

Genetics of Colorectal Cancer for Clinical Practice

by Fred H. Menko

Genes and Environment Traditionally diseases are separated according to their
cause into two categories : hereditary and acquired disorders . In fact these two
groups only define the ends of a spectrum . Most disorders are caused by a ...

Genetics of Colorectal Cancer for Clinical Practice

Author: Fred H. Menko

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

ISBN: 9780792321002

Page: 187

View: 307

Colorectal cancer is a collective term for a heterogeneous group of diseases. In a large proportion of cases, the condition is attributable to genetic predisposition. Those directly involved in the treatment of patients with cancer of the large bowel are confronted to an increasing degree with the genetic aspects of the disease. In familial and hereditary forms of the disorder periodic screening of the close relatives of the patients can in principle prevent disease and death from colorectal cancer. Presymptomatic diagnosis by means of DNA technology is now possible in many cases of familial adenomatous polyposis. Genetic diagnosis will be increasingly important for the identification of high-risk groups. This book summarizes those aspects of the genetics of colorectal cancer that are important for clinical pracice. It has been stated that clinicians can contribute to the goal of reducing mortality from cancer by asking each patient about his or her family history of cancer. The aim of this book is to provide a guideline for the management of those situations in which the family history of colorectal cancer is found to be positive.

Environmental Chemicals Enzyme Function and Human Disease

by David Evered

Group II: Cancers for which epidemiological data suggest a relationship to
environment This group includes neoplasms of the gastrointestinal tract (stomach
, colon and rectum) and of the endocrine-dependent systems (prostate, breast,
uterus ...

Environmental Chemicals Enzyme Function and Human Disease

Author: David Evered

Publisher: John Wiley & Sons

ISBN: 0470718277

Page: 192

View: 494

The Novartis Foundation Series is a popular collection of the proceedings from Novartis Foundation Symposia, in which groups of leading scientists from a range of topics across biology, chemistry and medicine assembled to present papers and discuss results. The Novartis Foundation, originally known as the Ciba Foundation, is well known to scientists and clinicians around the world.

Cancer Genomics

by Graham Dellaire

There is no doubt that cancer is an environmental disease and it is estimated that
while 5À10% of cancers (and other chronic diseases) can be accounted for by
genetic defects, around 90À95% are due to the environment with the important.

Cancer Genomics

Author: Graham Dellaire

Publisher: Academic Press

ISBN: 0123972744

Page: 510

View: 616

Cancer Genomics addresses how recent technological advances in genomics are shaping how we diagnose and treat cancer. Built on the historical context of cancer genetics over the past 30 years, the book provides a snapshot of the current issues and state-of-the-art technologies used in cancer genomics. Subsequent chapters highlight how these approaches have informed our understanding of hereditary cancer syndromes and the diagnosis, treatment and outcome in a variety of adult and pediatric solid tumors and hematologic malignancies. The dramatic increase in cancer genomics research and ever-increasing availability of genomic testing are not without significant ethical issues, which are addressed in the context of the return of research results and the legal considerations underlying the commercialization of genomic discoveries. Finally, the book concludes with "Future Directions", examining the next great challenges to face the field of cancer genomics, namely the contribution of non-coding RNAs to disease pathogenesis and the interaction of the human genome with the environment. Tools such as sidebars, key concept summaries, a glossary, and acronym and abbreviation definitions make this book highly accessible to researchers from several fields associated with cancer genomics. Contributions from thought leaders provide valuable historical perspective to relate the advances in the field to current technologies and literature.

Essentials of Environmental Epidemiology for Health Protection

by Irene A. Kreis

The most common measures of effect are the difference in disease occurrence
between exposed and unexposed and the ratio ... It was estimated that
environmental factors account for 31% of the global disease burden of lung
cancer and 30% ...

Essentials of Environmental Epidemiology for Health Protection

Author: Irene A. Kreis

Publisher: OUP Oxford

ISBN: 0191651427

Page: 296

View: 674

Essentials of Environmental Epidemiology for Health Protection guides front line public health practitioners through the decisions they are likely to face when dealing with environmental health problems. It does this by showing how to integrate relevant aspects of environmental science, communication sciences, toxicology, and most importantly environmental epidemiology skills to conduct initial investigations which encompass all relevant issues. The book uses a problem orientated style, using case studies, to provide practical examples of how to plan and carry out investigations or research projects. It emphasises the scoping and planning stages of a study in order to avoid common pitfalls, and includes discussions of the limitations of epidemiological studies, how to communicate with the public and funders, ethics and handling large datasets. Through the case studies the book also covers the practice of environmental public health in developed countries. Each chapter is written by knowledgeable practitioners in the topic, making Essentials of Environmental Epidemiology for Health Protection essential reading for all professionals in environmental public health in the UK and abroad.

Essentials of Environmental Public Health Science

by Naima Bradley

There are minimal data that identify and quantify the links between environmental
hazards and illhealth, particularly ... However, noncommunicable diseases such
as cancer and heart disease are becoming the dominant causes of death and ...

Essentials of Environmental Public Health Science

Author: Naima Bradley

Publisher: OUP Oxford

ISBN: 0191505404

Page: 224

View: 630

Environmental public health is an interdisciplinary approach to the study of the direct and indirect impact of exposure to environmental hazards on the public's health and wellbeing. Assessing and addressing the risks of chemical, ionising and non-ionising radiation, and noise hazards requires a sound knowledge of toxicology, environmental epidemiology, environmental science, health risk assessment, and public health principles. Essentials of Environmental Science for Public Health provides practical guidance on the technical aspects of environmental and public health investigations. Written by leaders in the field, the authors provide practical, expert advice on a range of topics from key concepts and framework for investigation to contaminated land and waste management. Case studies are used to aid learning and understand of the topics discussed. Produced by Health Protection England, Essentials of Environmental Science for Public Health offers a comprehensive and structured approach to understanding environmental public health issues and will be essential reading for all students and professionals in environmental public health.

Health Effects of Exposure to Environmental Tobacco Smoke

by Lauren Zeise

The Report of the California Environmental Protection Agency Lauren Zeise, Amy
J. Dunn ... Lung cancer was the first fatal disease linked to ETS, but in recent
years, evidence that ETS exposure causes other major diseases — particularly ...

Health Effects of Exposure to Environmental Tobacco Smoke

Author: Lauren Zeise

Publisher: DIANE Publishing

ISBN: 0788188364

Page: 430

View: 692

In response to rapidly accumulating evidence that environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure causes disease beyond lung cancer & respiratory effects in children, the Calif. Environmental Protection Agency undertook a comprehensive assessment of the total range of health effects correlated with exposure to ETS. Chapters: impact of ETS on the health of Californians; exposure measurement & prevalence; developmental toxicity I: perinatal manifestations; developmental toxicity II: postnatal manifestations; reproductive effects; respiratory health effects; carcinogenic effects; & cardiovascular effects. Dozens of tables & figures.

Environmental Stressors in Health and Disease

by Jörgen Fuchs

However , by 1894 , Unna ( 2 ) reported the association of sunlight and epidermal
manifestations including skin cancer . Findley ( 3 ) experimentally produced the
first UV - induced skin cancers in mice in 1928 and epidemiological studies in ...

Environmental Stressors in Health and Disease

Author: Jörgen Fuchs

Publisher: CRC Press

ISBN: 9780203904787

Page: 520

View: 859

This volume illustrates the impact of environmental oxidants on the tissues of the eyes, lungs and skin, as well as on the immune system - highlighting common illnesses, injuries and pathologies induced by pro-oxidant environmental xenobiotics such as inflammation, immune response, signal transduction, regulation of gene expression, and carcinogene

Women and Health

by Marlene B. Goldman

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Washington, DC 607 250 -5 10 15 20 25
30 35 Table 49.1 ... Breast cancer incidence Breast cancer mortality Gynecologic
cancers Reproductive system infection rates Genetic diseases and other chronic
 ...

Women and Health

Author: Marlene B. Goldman

Publisher: Elsevier

ISBN: 0080543855

Page: 1282

View: 801

Women and Health is a comprehensive reference which addresses health issues affecting women of all ages--adolescence through maturity. It goes far beyond other books on this topic which concentrate only on reproductive health, and has a truly international perspective. It covers key issues ranging from osteoporosis to breast cancer and other cancers, domestic violence, sexually transmitted diseases, occupational hazards, eating disorders, heart disease and other chronic illnesses, substance abuse, and societal and behavioral influences on health. Women and Health covers not only those conditions that are unique to or occur more frequently in women, but also those that present differently or are treated differently in women. Key Features: * Comprehensive, in-depth review of all aspects of women's health * Highlights key women's health issues including osteoporosis, domestic violence, breast cancer, menopause, infertility, heart disease, and many others * Addresses international women's health issues from a human rights and cultural perspective * Presents the latest research and clinical findings from leaders in their respective fields * Highlights controversies in treatment modalities * Challenges the medical community to address the impact of gender on health * Expands our thinking about the perceptions of disease and disorders in women * Challenges current status quo in health care delivery

Cancer Clusters Findings Vs Feelings

by

... important to differentiate between the two—environmental factors are a “
hypothesized” source of risk. For example, the author of a paper entitled “
Epidemiology of breast cancer: an environmental disease?” explains that the
goal of the paper ...

Cancer Clusters Findings Vs Feelings

Author:

Publisher: Am Cncl on Science, Health

ISBN:

Page: 28

View: 587

Science does not support the popular image of traces of chemical contamination elevating the cancer risk of everyone who lives in a neighborhood regardless of where they work, what sort of lives they lead, and what hereditary influences may predispose them to cancer. The absence of conclusive scientific evidence in this area may be partially explained by the myriad challenges that bedevil cancer cluster investigations--challenges that are explored in this report.

Environmental Health and Nursing Practice

by Barbara Sattler, RN, DrPH

Childhood cancer clusters have been the subject of much concern and
investigation because cancer is uncommon among ... This step usually involves
the review of death certificates, cancer incidence databases and other disease
registries, ...

Environmental Health and Nursing Practice

Author: Barbara Sattler, RN, DrPH

Publisher: Springer Publishing Company

ISBN: 9780826142832

Page: 384

View: 616

This is the first book for nurses on how the environment affects nursing practice. Nurses should be concerned with environmental issues for two reasons: 1. Many diseases (such as asthma, lead poisoning, and some cancers) are caused by exposures to toxins in the environment; and 2. Hospitals themselves are sources of pollutants, through release of mercury and dioxin (a byproduct of incinerating plastic PVC products). The book includes information on basic environmental health principles and common environmental health hazards (e.g., in our water, air, schools, hospitals, and homes). It offers a patient assessment tool for exposure to these hazards and strategies for ìgreenerî use of hospital resources. This is both a nursing textbook and a practice manual.

Imaging of Occupational and Environmental Disorders of the Chest

by Pierre Alain Gevenois

If this non-specific abnormality was excluded, the sensitivity of thin-section CT for
detection of beryllium disease was 75%. ... 10.5 Beryllium and Lung Cancer
Animal studies have demonstrated that beryllium can induce cancer in a number
of ...

Imaging of Occupational and Environmental Disorders of the Chest

Author: Pierre Alain Gevenois

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

ISBN: 3540309039

Page: 302

View: 915

Offers a comprehensive approach to modern imaging of environmental and occupational diseases of the chest Pays particular attention to the role of computed tomography in the detection of early subclinical abnormalities Considers new groups of workers at risk of exposure to agents that may cause pneumoconiosis Written by internationally acclaimed experts

Environmental Geochemistry in Health and Disease

by Helen L. Cannon

MEMOIR 123, 1971 Trace Elements Related to Specific Chronic Diseases:
Cancer ARTHUR FURST Institute of Chemical Biology, University of San
Francisco San Francisco, California ABSTRACT All living tissues are composed
mainly of ...

Environmental Geochemistry in Health and Disease

Author: Helen L. Cannon

Publisher: Geological Society of America

ISBN: 0813711231

Page: 230

View: 661

Occupational and Environmental Health

by Barry S. Levy

Cancer Elizabeth M. Ward C. ancer encompasses a broad spectrum of diseases
that arise in various organs and tissues throughout the body and have in
common the uncontrolled growth of abnormal and potentially lethal cells that lose
their ...

Occupational and Environmental Health

Author: Barry S. Levy

Publisher: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

ISBN: 9780781755511

Page: 773

View: 539

This thoroughly updated Fifth Edition is a comprehensive, practical guide to recognizing, preventing, and treating work-related and environmentally-induced injuries and diseases. Chapters by experts in medicine, industry, labor, government, safety, ergonomics, environmental health, and psychology address the full range of clinical and public health concerns. Numerous case studies, photographs, drawings, graphs, and tables help readers understand key concepts. This edition features new chapters on environmental health, including water pollution, hazardous waste, global environmental hazards, the role of nongovernmental organizations in environmental health, and responding to community environmental health concerns. Other new chapters cover conducting workplace investigations and assessing and enforcing compliance with health and safety regulations.